Child sexual abuse is any sexual activity with a child—whether through physical contact or not—that is meant to satisfy or exploit an older person. It includes touching, exposing children to sexual content, inappropriate conversations, and online grooming. Abuse can be physical or non-physical and it is always a violation of a child’s trust or safety.

Most abusers are not strangers—they are people the child knows and trusts, like family members, neighbors, teachers, coaches, or caregivers. Abusers often work to gain the trust of both the child and the adults around them.

Children may not always show clear signs, but some common warning signs include:

• Sudden change in behavior or mood

• Regressive behaviors (bedwetting, thumb-sucking)

• Avoidance of certain people or places

• Nightmares or trouble sleeping

• Sexual behavior or knowledge that is not age-appropriate

• Unexplained physical symptoms (like pain or infections)

Children often stay silent because they are:

• Scared of getting in trouble

• Confused about what happened

• Threatened or bribed by the abuser

• Afraid they wouldn’t be believed

• Worried about hurting their family or causing conflict

That’s why creating safe, open, and non-judgmental spaces for children to talk is so important.

• Teach them the names of body parts, including private parts

• Talk to them about body boundaries and consent in age-appropriate ways

• Teach them that secrets about touch or body parts are not okay

• Encourage open communication and let them know they can always come to you

• Be involved in their lives and know who they spend time with (online and offline)

• Stay calm and listen without judgement

• Let them know you believe them and it is not their fault

• Do not push for details—let trained professionals do that

• Report the abuse to the appropriate authorities (child protection services, law enforcement), or look in the Resources by Region section

Yes, absolutely. With the right support, therapy, love, and safety, children can and do heal from abuse. Early intervention and consistent emotional support make a huge difference.